You will have the opportunity to tour sponsor stands and interact with the companies. Our silver sponsors are: Datum360 Makemedia Niven Architects Synchro Software, and the Journal of Engineering. Our golden sponsors are Autodesk HOCHTIEF-ViCon KBR,and Teesside University. We are very grateful to our generous sponsors.
We received 120 papers and after a rigorous review and editing process, we selected 63 excellent papers to be presented in the parallel sessions, covering five thematic research topics: building information modeling, augmented reality and sensing, real-time visualization, simulation and planning. We have a group of leading keynote speakers from industry and academia who are covering up-to-date hot topics and are enthusiastic to share their knowledge with you. This year we are welcoming more than 110 participants from 23 countries to discuss and exchange the latest developments and applications of virtual technologies in the Architectural, Engineering, Construction and Operation industry. CONVR is one of the world-leading conferences in the areas of virtual reality, augmented reality and building information modeling. We are honored to welcome you to the 13th International Conference on Construction applications of Virtual Reality (CONVR 2013) organized by Teesside University. Keywords: consultant, contractor, cost estimate, Ghana. Where consultants are employed, an allowance of up 40% should be added to the estimated costs as a margin for inaccuracy. Construction clients in Ghana should rely on contractors for more realistic cost estimates as estimates by consultants may be inaccurate. It seemed that contractors had a better understanding of the actual construction processes and a clearer expectation of the needs of the client hence an ability to calculate estimates that were closer to reality. Projects estimated by consultants experienced an average cost overrun of 40% and time overrun of 62% whereas projects priced by contractors experienced an average cost overrun of 6% and time overrun of 41%. Cost estimates prepared by contractors seemed to be closer to actual costs than estimates calculated by consultants. Cost estimates for five of the projects were calculated by consultants and cost estimates for the five remaining projects were calculated by contractors. Box 219, Reading, RG6 6AW, UK Ten projects constructed in Ghana between 20 are examined and analysed to ascertain the reliability of estimated costs provided for the projects. consultant project estimates in Ghana Samuel Laryea School of Construction Management and Engineering, University of Reading, P.O.
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